导读:如题。
【正文】
2024年11月26日(好意思国当地时辰),好意思联储公布本年11月议息会议纪要,解读如下:
一、对中国9月下旬出台的系列战术给以了积极评价
议息会议纪要比较目生地对中国9月下旬以来出台的一系列战术进行了褒贬,具体看,
(一)近期的财政刺激战术运行在一定程度上提振了信心(there were signsthat recent fiscal stimulus measures were starting to shore up confidence)。
(二)所晓谕的系列新刺激战术法子刺激了国内风险财富价钱的飞腾,不外对其它商场的外溢影响有限,同期鼓舞了宽阔资金流入中国投资基金( the announcement of new policy stimulus measures boosted domesticrisky asset prices, with limited spillovers to other markets; the announcementsalso drove notable flows into China-focused investment funds.)。
这阐发,本年9月下旬以来出台的一系列战术,不仅在一定程度上提振了国内商场的信心,也引起了国外的珍藏。也即,和以前比拟,国外对中国商场的珍藏出现了彰着回升。这是功德,阐发国外商场对中国系列战术及力度是充满期待的,唯有顺应,战术力度继续下去,笃信预期和信心应能取得提振和扭转。
同期,11月会议纪要还指出中国的中枢CPI降至了2008年环球金融危境以来的新低(In China, core inflation fell to its lowest level since the GlobalFinancial Crisis. By contrast),这阐发现时中国面对的通缩压力是比较大的。
二、以为好意思国经济基本面的下行风险也曾镌汰,且潜在经济增长能源有所飞腾
会议纪要屡次昭示,和之前比拟,面前好意思国经济基本面的下行风险也曾彰着镌汰。
(一)商场参与者面前判断经济主下行风险也曾镌汰(risks had become lessskewed toward the downside)。
(二)三季度潜在经济增长能源要比内容经济增速飞腾的更快(a better signal thanGDP of underlying economic momentum—rose slightly faster than real GDP in thethird quarter.)。
(三)相较于9月,对2024年内容经济增速和通胀水平的预期值均会更高一些(the real GDP growthprojection for 2024 as a whole was higher…The staff's inflation forecastfor 2024 was slightly higher than the one prepared for the previous meeting)。
(四)使命主说念主员也曾将下行风险的评估下调至基准线……风险偏向于下行(The staff had reducedits assessment of the downward risks to the baseline forecast for economicactivity in light of incoming data…the staff judged that theserisks were somewhat skewed to the downside)。
(五)通胀出息上行的风险变化不大,行状和经济下行的风险有所镌汰(In participants'evaluation of the risks and uncertainties associated with the economic outlook,upside risks to the inflation outlook were seen as little changed, whiledownside risks to employment and growth were seen as having decreased somewhat)。
以上意味着,在接下来的12月议息会议中,对2024年经济增速和行状的预期值均会发生一定调度,且部分东说念主员预期通胀回到2%的时辰会更长一些(although a couplenoted the possibility that the process could take longer than previouslyexpected)。
三、好意思联储对降息节律的魄力已发生变化:降息程度延续,但或有1次或数次的暂停降息
在对通胀预期、经济基本面和行状数据分析的基础上,会议纪要暴露好意思联储对后续降息节律的魄力如实也曾发生了变化。
(一)在阐发昔日一段时辰好意思债利率上行的原因时,好意思联储我方阐发到是和之前比拟,由于商场预期后续好意思联储货币宽松的节律会愈加渐近性,不会搁置度和快速。
(二)11月议息会议上总共委员均应许降息25BP,而委员们以为陆续降息是顺应的且,但跟着时辰的推移转向更中性的态度亦然顺应的(Participants judged that it wasappropriate to continue the process of reducing the Federal Reserve'ssecurities holdings……it would likely be appropriate to move gradually toward amore neutral stance of policy over time)。
(三)值得珍藏的是,11月议息会议上除有些委员会以为既不行降息太快、也不行降息太慢外,还有委员会建议了探求暂停降息(some participantsnoted that the Committee could pause its easing of the policy rate)。
总体来看,议息会议纪要告诉咱们,就异日一段时期看,好意思联储降息程度还莫得罢手,仅仅好意思联储对降息节律和力度如实也曾发生了变化,一次性降息50BP或衔尾降息的可能性均有所镌汰,即不排斥异日的议息会议中有1次或数次暂停降息的情况发生。至于为什么以为降息程度还未罢了,原因是面前好意思国中性利率水平的评估比较复杂,很难详情降息几许幅度或降息到何种位置比较顺应,故礼聘边走边看、渐进降息的想路比较稳当。
四、建议下调隔夜逆回购公约利率5BP
(一)会议纪要指出昔日货币商场利率水平出现了季节性的彰着飞腾(绝顶是季末,quarter-end),有担保的隔夜回购公约利率飞腾较多(In secured funding markets, rates on overnight repurchase agreements(repo)increased sharply)。
(二)由于联邦基金商场瞄准备金的变化不敏锐,故使命主说念主员建议对隔夜逆回购公约利率(the rate offered atthe overnight reverse repurchase agreement,ON RRP)进行期间性调度(the possibility of a technical adjustment to the ON RRP offering rate),行将其下调5BP使其与联邦基金利率观念区间的下限一致,以便传导至货币商场。
(三)the ON RRP offering rate是好意思联储于2014年9月议息会议上推出的一项补充战术器具,其宅心是使联邦基金利率大概罢了在FOMC所设定的区间内(lowering the ON RRPoffering rate 5 basis points would align the ON RRP offering rate with thebottom of the target range for the federal funds rate),这次调度将增强好意思联储调控货币商场利率的有用性,缓解货币商场昔日频繁出现的季节性流动性压力。
五、对主要风险的请示
在会议纪要中,好意思联储主要请示了两个风险:
(一)2025年规复联邦政府债务上限可能会对商场流动性产生影响( the possible implications forthe composition of Federal Reserve liabilities stemming from the federal debtlimit potentially being reinstated in 2025……these substantial shifts couldmask the effects of ongoing balance sheet runoff on money market conditions andpose challenges in assessing reserve conditions)。
(二)银行面前仍继续宽阔遥远期财富,更容易受到长端利率不测飞腾的影响。相较而言,以杠杆率较高的对冲基金和以持有流动性较差财富比例较高的寿险公司等为代表的非银行金融机构面对的风险在加大(banks continued tohold large quantities of long-duration assets, leaving them more exposed thanusual to an unexpected rise in longer-term interest rates. In the nonbank sector, leverage at hedge funds remained high, partly on account of the prevalence of theTreasury cash–futures basis trade. Life insurers' leverage remained somewhatelevated, and they continued to maintain large holdings of risky and illiquidsecurities.),脆弱性值得珍藏。
不错看出,这里对基金的风险请示多一些。
六、结语
(一)诚然好意思国经济基本面的下行风险有所镌汰,但11月议息会议纪要暴露其对通胀向2%地点逼近的判断并未发生变化(survey-based measures of longer-term inflationexpectations were little changed. These measurescontinued to suggest an expectation that inflation would return over time tothe Committee's 2 percent objective),只不外面前以为这个程度比较迤逦且可能会比较漫长。这阐发,好意思联储降息程度还未罢了。
(二)11月议息会议纪要暴露好意思联储的缩表程度可能会继续至2025年5月,且异日几个月内缩表和降息程度还会继续(the timing of the endof balance sheet runoff had shifted a bit later, to May 2025……though roughly two-thirds of respondents expected an end to runoff ineither the first or the second quarter of 2025.……balance sheet runoff to continue alongside rate cuts for several moremonths)。这意味着,异日半年的地点应不错主持。
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